A bewildering array of supra-, inter-, and non-governmental, as well as governmental actors have been involved in interventions in the former Yugoslavia. They include:
• The World Bank
• The United Nations (through many agencies, including most prominently UNDP and UNHCR, and also the administration set up to administer Kosovo, UNMIK)
• The European Union – acting in concert, and its members acting individually
• NATO
• The United States (through its military forces, the State Department, the United States Agency for International Development)
• Government-funded Foundations, such as the National Endowment for Democracy, or the German
• Major charities, including for example Oxfam, Save the Children.
• International non-governmental non-profit organizations, such as CHF International (US), or Pax Christi (Netherlands).
• International for-profit non-governmental organizations, such as Louis Berger (a private consulting group), and Kellogg Brown and Root.
The situation in the former Yugoslavia has generated different kinds of relationships between and within these entities. For example, many United States-based non-governmental organizations receive major funding from USAID, which is in turn accountable to the State Department, which reports to the US Congress. The result is complicated resource flows, in which substantial amounts of money are spent on management and administration costs by different intermediaries in the “aid chain.”
Sample of INGOs active in Macedonia 1993–2006
|
Agency |
"banner" activity |
years active |
key donor |
|
National Democratic Institute NDI |
political party development |
1993-2007 |
USAID, NED |
|
Search for Common Ground SFCG |
Conflict resolution skills through children’s media |
1994- |
Swiss government, USAID |
|
Institute for Sustainable Communities ISC |
NGO support and capacity building |
1995-2007 |
USAID |
|
Nansen Dialogue Center NDC |
Interethnic education and dialogue |
2000-2007 |
Norwegian government |
|
European Centre for Minority Issues ECMI |
Roma rights |
2000- |
Norwegian and Danish governments, SIDA |
